Gender Differences In Visual And Tactile Line Bisection Essays

Gender Differences In Visual And Tactile Line Bisection Running Head: ATTENTIONAL BIAS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS Gender Differences in Visual and Tactile Line Bisection: Attentional Bias in Normal Subjects Abstract Attentional bias in line bisections may be influenced by the position of the stimulus, the type of stimulus, and the gender of the bisector. Past research has found that below eye level bisection stimuli is biased away from the body in the visual mode, and towards the body in the tactile mode. Above eye level bisections have not been significantly biased in either direction due to a cancellation of the object centered bias by the body centered bias. Research has also concluded that no gender differences are statistically significant in attentional bias studies, using line bisection tasks. This report suggests that gender differences are statistically significant in favor of male subjects, when using above eye level stimuli, and when using tactile stimuli. Overall, however, these differences become statistically insignificant, when combined with below eye level tasks and visual tasks. Current findings also point to a trend towards supporting past research findings which state that in below eye level bisections both males and females are biased away from the body in the visual mode, and towards the body in the tactile mode. Gender Differences in Visual and Tactile Line Bisections: Attentional Bias in Normal Subjects The act of survival requires humans to pay attention to their surroundings. In order to pay attention to surroundings, one must allocate resources of attention to the space around ones body. Taking a common sense approach, the sense of vision and the sense of touch would be the candidates for most important senses in terms of survival. For example, imagine a primitive hunter trying to catch prey, using only his sense of smell; or imagine someone trying to build a hut, without the use of sensitive fingers to wield tools. Vision is generally used as a means to detect and interpret objects at a distance, whereas, touch is used to detect and interpret objects which are relatively close to the body. Historically, visual and tactile attention have been studied along a left-right horizontal axis (Shelton, Bowers, however, there has been a recent expansion of this research, into the vertical and radial axes. The current study will attempt to confirm the findings of Geldmacher and Heilman (1 994), Jeerakathil and Kirk (1994), and Drain and Reuter-Lorenz (1996) that below eye level bisection stimuli will be biased away from the body (far peripersonal space) in the visual mode, and towards the body (near peripersonal space) in the tactile mode. Above eye level bisections should not be significantly biased, however, due to a cancellation of biases i.e., the object centered bias nullifies body centered bias. Drain and Reuter-Lorenz (1996) are one of the only research teams to have considered gender as a factor in the results of such studies. They concluded that although gender does contribute to real sex differences, it is not a significant factor in assessing attentional bias in normal subjects on line bisection tasks, due to the minuteness of these differences. However, given the common perception that males are superior to females in tasks of visuo-spatial dexterity (Maccoby & Jacklin, 1974, Caplan, MacPherson, & Tobin, 1985, Newcombe & Dubas, 1992, all as cited in Dworetzky, 1996), it should be a natural to examine the results of men vis-?-vis women. Thus, in the spirit of gender equality and the pursuit of confirming such a hypothesis, the current study will include gender as a factor of analysis. In 1994, Geldmacher and Heilman studied 10 normal subjects in radial line bisection tasks. That is, they had participants determine where the middles of lines were, when the lines ran outward from the subjects bodies, on a horizontal plane. They found that significant near peripersonal misbisections occurred in the above eye level tasks. Whereas, far peripersonal misbisections were replicated in the below eye level tasks. Further, Jeerakathil and Kirk (1994) found similar results. Their study showed significant bisection biases towards the TOP (they used labels at each end of stimulus lines: TOP, BOTTOM) of both horizontal and vertical lines, as well as in the below eye level radial condition. Again, the

Free Essays on Perception Of Color

Color. It is to our eyes what music is to our ears. Those of us blessed with vision can barely imagine a world without color. Colors evoke feelings in the manner of non-verbal communication, and stand to represent ideas, and so, in graphic design, as in all things designed, knowledgeable and appropriate use of color is critical. Color has a profound effect on people, both as individuals and as a whole. Psychologists have long since theorized that people's preferences for color and color mixes have deep psychological affect on your mood or feeling. Many now believe that colors cannot only cause emotional reactions, but can also correct mood and well-being. Considering that color in itself is merely the human eye's perception of light, its psychological influence is incredible, from causing depression, a desire for food, to subliminally affecting consumerism. A culture's attitude toward colors is also important in developing one's identification of different hues. There are many issues of color involved in graphic design. Besides the psychological aspects of color, one must be sure that the layout is easily comprehensible, and that the palette used in background, graphics, font and content work together. And so, I will acquaint you with some of the known psychological qualities of color and how colors relate to each other. Color is the visual effect that is caused by the spectral composition of the light emitted, transmitted, or reflected by objects. It originates in light. Sunlight, as we perceive it, is colorless. In reality, a rainbow is testimony to the fact that all the colors of the spectrum are present in white light. Light goes from the source, such as the sun, to an object, (let’s say an apple), and finally to the detector which is the eye and brain. Blue is by far the most popular color - conveying peace and tranquility, harmony, trust and confidence. Blue is said to increase productivity. On the other hand, blue... Free Essays on Perception Of Color Free Essays on Perception Of Color Color. It is to our eyes what music is to our ears. Those of us blessed with vision can barely imagine a world without color. Colors evoke feelings in the manner of non-verbal communication, and stand to represent ideas, and so, in graphic design, as in all things designed, knowledgeable and appropriate use of color is critical. Color has a profound effect on people, both as individuals and as a whole. Psychologists have long since theorized that people's preferences for color and color mixes have deep psychological affect on your mood or feeling. Many now believe that colors cannot only cause emotional reactions, but can also correct mood and well-being. Considering that color in itself is merely the human eye's perception of light, its psychological influence is incredible, from causing depression, a desire for food, to subliminally affecting consumerism. A culture's attitude toward colors is also important in developing one's identification of different hues. There are many issues of color involved in graphic design. Besides the psychological aspects of color, one must be sure that the layout is easily comprehensible, and that the palette used in background, graphics, font and content work together. And so, I will acquaint you with some of the known psychological qualities of color and how colors relate to each other. Color is the visual effect that is caused by the spectral composition of the light emitted, transmitted, or reflected by objects. It originates in light. Sunlight, as we perceive it, is colorless. In reality, a rainbow is testimony to the fact that all the colors of the spectrum are present in white light. Light goes from the source, such as the sun, to an object, (let’s say an apple), and finally to the detector which is the eye and brain. Blue is by far the most popular color - conveying peace and tranquility, harmony, trust and confidence. Blue is said to increase productivity. On the other hand, blue...

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Introduction :Handles and Hinges Ltd HH was established in Birmingham, England, by two young entrepreneurs, Dave Philips and Chris Agnew, both experienced in the hardware trade. The business specialized in the ‘designer’ market for polished metal (brass or stainless steel) door handles, cupboard knobs, furniture fittings (mostly used in shop/office furniture) and hinges. Their company was successful, was based on HH’s reputation for high-quality, unique designs of both traditional and modern products, many of which were selected and specified by architects for large and prestigious projects such as new office developments in London’s Docklands. Dave, the Chief Executive Officer, with responsibility for sales, believed that most orders from construction companies were placed with HH because they assumed they had no other choice once the HH products had been specified. Larger companies would sometimes suggest to the architect MARKETING PERSPECTIVE . Carefully examine the marketing method/processes/approaches by HH 2. Observe the strategic marketing plan such that the products can be improved to meet customer needs and requirements 3. How does the company compete in its market place, and what is the role of ‘quality’ in its competitive strategy? Discussions with Chris (the Manufacturing Director) put a different perspective on the problem: ‘The sales catalogue shows pictures of our products prepared for photography; special effects are used to give a bright polished finish but we actually use a matt finish. : The samples used by Sales are specially made by experienced craftsmen to eliminate any scratching or minor faults; of course, we cannot always repeat that standard with the modern batch production methods. ‘We were aware that the reorganization of production methods could lead to quality problems, so I introduced statistical control, a subject I studied extensively in a quantitative methods course at the local college. Our inspectors now take random samples of batches of components and measure important dimensions such as the diameter or length of brass handles, the thickness of the incoming materials, etc. Batches which fail are either rejected or reworked, and all material where we have identified any fault at all is returned to the supplier, and our buyers routinely threaten to place orders elsewhere. I instructed the supervisors to inspect press tooling just before the start of each production batch to ensure that there are no surface faults, so I think it is unlikely that the dents and blemishes are caused in production. I must make a point of checking that this is happening. Anyway, our final inspection sampling has been changed to give an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2 per cent whereas until recently it was only 5 per cent. We have had to increase the number of final inspectors by four at a cost of ? 15 000 each per annum, but all the management team agrees that with quality products we must be confident of the final quality before packing. We trained some of our best assemblers in SPC and made them full-time inspectors; the combination of their technical and statistical skills ensures that we have the right people for this job. We could not rely on our operators to do any dimensional checks; hardly any of them know how to measure using a metric rule, let alone a micrometer or vernier gauge. It is best to keep them concentrating on achieving correct output targets. I believe that most quality problems here must be caused by occasional operator carelessness. ‘The batch method of production has given us much more control over operations. No longer do we have to rely on hard-to-recruit craftsmen who did everything slowly and unpredictably. Now we make the most of economic batches at each stage, benefiting from the economies of scale of longer runs and cheaper unskilled labour. With incentive bonuses based on effective performance against agreed standard times, all our people are working faster to achieve the company’s goal of higher productivity. There is no doubt that our operations are now more productive than they’ve ever been. With high quality and low costs, we are now set for a major assault on the competition. We expect our profits to rise dramatically from the currently inadequate 1 per cent return on sales. ’

Investment Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment Report - Essay Example on and depreciation allows investors to limit the risks they expose their investments to provided that different industries are affected differently by economic factors. Thus, as part of the Portfolio Theory directives, I decided to purchase stocks/ETF/Mutual funds from Hyperdynamics Corp (HDY), CNET, SinoCoking & Coke Chemical Industries Inc. (SCOK), Charles Voegele Holding AG (DE:VCH), and CyberArk Software Limited. The merit for selecting these stocks is due to the nature of their trading trends. Currently, most of the stocks from the five companies have a positive appreciating trends which was originally not the case. At the time of investment, August 25, 2014. Most of the stocks did not have the potential they currently have. However, provided that different investment plans were applied such as the consideration of the potential companies worth growing one’s investment value to favorable levels. On the other hand, the stocks with minimum potential at the time of investment were considered on the basis of their potential to grow in the future. While the option of investing in stocks that have the same value as my industry, my strategy did not match this criterion as the result of investing in such stocks is like banking with a low-interest-rates’ financial institutions. According to course book, â€Å"Street Smart, Book Smart†, rule number two warns investors from investing on stocks that do not exceed or reach the 1 million volume threshold. These type of stocks are weak and indicate economic instability of the trading company at hand. As of the current purchase of Hyperdynamics Corp (HDY), CNET, SinoCoking & Coke Chemical Industries Inc. (SCOK), Charles Voegele Holding AG (DE:VCH), and CyberArk Software Limited the daily stock volumes of these companies are not above the 1 million mark and therefore this rule applies with every investment consideration made. 2. Rule one of the course textbook indicates that whenever investors are buying stocks, they

Moore's Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Moore's Law - Essay Example The law started as just as an article in a journal has not only become a guiding principle in the semiconductor electronics industry but it has also helped in analyzing the technology trajectories in general. In fact Moore’s law means better technologies and more Performance in the field of electronics and IT. Rapid pace of advancements in electronics and IT industry from big vacuum valves to ICs, and from ENIAC to laptops and palmtops made it sure that the processing power, measured in Millions of Instructions per Second (MIPS)2, kept steadily rising because of increased transistor counts. Had there been only the advancements in technologies without a matching invitation for the customers to use the technology, Moore’s law would not been such a big success. This law also ensured that costs too went down. This helped in integrating the powerful technique more seamlessly into our daily lives. Moore’s law is in fact not a ‘law’ in actual terms, as its proponent himself kept revising it from time to time. But it was indeed a well thought out business foresightedness on the part of an able entrepreneur. The law itself may have undergone changes couple of times, but one constant throughout the varying formulation of Moore’s law is that all formulations observe that the number of transistors per chip, also known as complexity, has been growing rapidly3. This provides an indication of the applicability of Moore’s law. Even after providing for the tolerance for manufacturing variances, inefficiencies in wires, noise margins, etc. the semiconductor technology has indeed delivered on the expected lines. Intel has been one of the pioneers in proving the applicability of this law. Company’s commitment to Moores Law has in fact delivered exponential increases in the number of transistors integrated into our processors and other leading platform ingredients’4. It is depicted in the graph below. The rapid

Should students be required to take general education course Essay

Should students be required to take general education course - Essay Example specialization courses, understanding of values and cultures goes for a toss (Goessl), till the passed out students realize the pressure of working in multicultural job places. There is more. In 2013, a person trained to be a businessman and an administration manager could not fare well in the post Recession world where he had to revive his father’s business of selling medication. His haste to check the growing debts kept him under stress to the extent that he took to drinking and marijuana that only further worsened his condition. Fact is life after college is filled with challenges. Some of these challenges come up in daily life while some come up in emergencies like the Global Recession. Today’s world is more dynamic and is built on the foundation that economic growth is not possible without an all-round approach to ethical, environmental, and educational investments that society at large needs to undertake. We have ignored the balance long enough, and we are the ones to have paid the price. Children growing up in today’s world understand that unless a multi-dimensional approach to education is adopted then surviving the various pressures of post-education life is not possible. However, by the time college education reckons, the expectations of teenagers and adolescents change and in their impatience to finish studies fast, a concentrated approach is what most students prefer to adopt. Students entering the portals of college life always begin by selecting the subjects of their preference and try to stick to them. However, mid-way through their studies they realize that the subject they have chosen may not be suitable for them and that is when they opt to look for a change in subjects or elective. An irony of the Western education policy is that school life does not offer the general education that empowers students to take a right decision and make a wise choice basing on their own strong points. School curricula are mostly designed to allow the

Founding a new nation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Founding a new nation - Essay Example The constitution will have a few sections divided on the base of power and responsibility and will then be further divided into laws. It will protect the rights of the people as citizens of the island to have liberty, freedom of opinion and law will be protected by the constitution which in return will protect the citizens, their property and will make sure everyone is given their due respect. Protection of land and responsibilities of the state and people will be clearly defined in the constitution. If any law made is inconsistent with the constitution, then the law will be considered as void. The democratic government will have the power of the state with the government as president and a congress and a legislative. This idea is inherited from the government of the United States as it proved to be very effective over the years (Maier,  2010, p.  35). The government will be decided by the people of the island. There will be no role for the vice president but the ministry of inte rior and foreign affairs will be responsible to run the affairs along with the president. In case of a threat or mishap, the congress can elect an acting president from themselves. The qualifications of the president and the people in congress and civil services will be defined. Dual nationals will not be allowed to hold a government office but may act as consultants. The president will be the supreme commander of the military and may grant pardon to anyone. The congress can convict the president based on a set of evidence that will be decided as sufficient by the Supreme Court judiciary. The president is responsible to make sure that law is followed by everyone and the congress will be the body to keep a check and balance on the president and his/her activities by making it compulsory for the president to justify his actions based on law for the orders he issues. Once the power distribution is clear, the legislative system will be set. The highest court will be Supreme Court. A pet ition can be filed in Supreme Court if the lower courts have already decided on it and the convicted person has either life imprisonment or death penalty applied. The Supreme Court will issue the final verdict and such convicts will have a last option to plea with the president of the island. Supreme Court can also take suo motu actions on law and order situations if they deem the case is not being taken up by anyone but is essential to provide justice or maintain law and order situation on the island. The final type of case the Supreme Court will be entertaining will be related to the president if the case is filed by a member of the senate or congress. Maintaining federal relationships will include a hierarchy in which the mayors and judicial systems will be allowed to present a quarterly report on performance and check the prosperity index on the nation. The report will include a feedback session from these entities as well which will comprise of statistically collected data that will reflect views of the citizens belonging to a specific town. This will ensure constant quality check and improvement parameters of a town. Awareness programs and other basic necessities as education, health and security will be the responsibility of the mayors as finance ministers and process design implementers. Maintaining a healthy market for competition, providing equal opportunity, spreading awareness of job market condition, grooming future generation and equipping them with necessary skills will be a part of the